He continued his focus on developing instrumentation to solve observational problems in cosmology as the Bart J . Bok Fellow at the Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona from 1974 to 1976, where he characterized anomalous abundances in extreme halo stars and pioneered the application of the then new 2D ( digital TV ) vidicon systems and early photometry of faint stars and galaxies.
32.
The CURV-III carried : [ T ] wo Vidicon television cameras, four mercury-vapor headlights, two mercury-vapor spotlights, and a 35-millimeter camera with a 500 frame color film capacity and strobe light . . . mounted on two independent pan-and-tilt units, each with 360 degrees of lateral and 180 degrees of vertical movement.
33.
The experimental apparatus included : ( 1 ) a vidicon television camera, which employed a scan mechanism that yielded one complete frame in 10 s; ( 2 ) a gamma-ray spectrometer in a 300 mm sphere mounted on a 1.8 m boom; ( 3 ) a radar altimeter; and ( 4 ) a seismometer to be rough-landed on the lunar surface.
34.
The 1960s productions used RCA TK-60 image orthicon video cameras, which have a characteristic white " glow " around black objects ( and a corresponding black glow around white objects ), which was an inherent flaw of image orthicon video camera tubes called " blooming . " Later vidicon and plumbicon tubes produced much cleaner, more accurate pictures, as well as a higher resolution of 1400 lines.
35.
Shepard made his second space flight as Commander of Apollo 14 from January 31 to February 9, 1971, America's third successful vidicon-tube camera . ( The color camera on Apollo 12 provided a few brief moments of color telecasting before it was inadvertently pointed at the Sun, ending its usefulness . ) While on the Moon, Shepard used a Wilson six-iron head attached to a lunar sample scoop handle to drive golf balls.
36.
A remarkably wide variety of tube and similar sockets is listed and described, with some informal application notes, at a commercial site, Pacific T . V ., including nuvistor, 8-pin subminiature, vidicon, reflex klystron, nine-pin octal-like, 10-pin miniature ( two types ), 11-pin sub-magnal, diheptal 14-pin, and many display tubes such as Nixies and vacuum fluorescent types ( and even more ).
